Beauty Going Nowhere

The philosopher Immanuel Kant argues that beauty is something that affects us as if it had a purpose even when it doesn’t. Beauty doesn’t need to be going anywhere. Does Kant’s thinking help us understand why people might be attracted to liminal spaces?

A multi-storey car park at two in the morning: every light on, every bay empty, the ramps curving up to nothing. None of it is for you, and it still means something.

Key concepts

The Sublime: Kant's other category, and a rougher one: pleasure mixed with dread, the response to something too vast or too formless to take in — a storm, a cliff, a hall with no visible end. Beauty is calm. The sublime is not, which is why it may fit an empty terminal better.

Every work — at a glance

Critique of the Power of Judgment — Immanuel Kant (essay)

Kant's 1790 book on taste, and the source of the phrase this section runs on: beauty is 'purposiveness without purpose' — a thing strikes you as designed, meaningful, headed somewhere, while being for nothing at all. He adds a second test, disinterest: you want nothing from the object except to go on looking at it. Applied to a corridor at midnight the fit is uncomfortably good, since no function is being served and the place still feels heavy with intention.

What to know

01
Kant's second test marks where the explanation stops. Disinterest means wanting nothing from the space — which is why a photograph of a drained hotel pool is lovely and standing in one waiting for a bus is not. Same room, minus the errand.

Across subjects

Within a generation, English tourists carried the theory in their pockets. The Claude glass was a small tinted convex mirror; you turned your back on the view

Theme connection

"Are We There Yet?"

If beauty is the feel of purpose where there is none, a place built only to be crossed is unusually open to it. Does that explain the appeal, or explain it away? A mechanism takes nothing from an experience, says one side. The other says a 1790 formula is a strange net for teenage unease.

Practice — a sample

ARTKant's idea of beauty is BEST described as —

A Plain moral goodness
B A pleasing practical usefulness
C Pleasure in owning
D Purposiveness without purpose
E Perfect symmetry

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